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Spectrum of Markov generators on sparse random graphs

Chafaï, Djalil; Caputo, Pietro; Bordenave, Charles (2014), Spectrum of Markov generators on sparse random graphs, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 67, 4, p. 621-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpa.21496

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Type
Article accepté pour publication ou publié
Date
2014
Journal name
Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume
67
Number
4
Publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
Pages
621-669
Publication identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpa.21496
Metadata
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Author(s)
Chafaï, Djalil cc
Caputo, Pietro
Bordenave, Charles
Abstract (EN)
We investigate the spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of the continuous time random walk on a randomly weighted oriented graph. This is the non-Hermitian random nxn matrix L defined by L(j,k)=X(j,k) if k<>j and L(j,j)=-sum(L(j,k),k<>j), where X(j,k) are i.i.d. random weights. Under mild assumptions on the law of the weights, we establish convergence as n tends to infinity of the empirical spectral distribution of L after centering and rescaling. In particular, our assumptions include sparse random graphs such as the oriented Erdős-Rényi graph where each edge is present independently with probability p(n)->0 as long as np(n) >> (log(n))^6. The limiting distribution is characterized as an additive Gaussian deformation of the standard circular law. In free probability terms, this coincides with the Brown measure of the free sum of the circular element and a normal operator with Gaussian spectral measure. The density of the limiting distribution is analyzed using a subordination formula. Furthermore, we study the convergence of the invariant measure of L to the uniform distribution and establish estimates on the extremal eigenvalues of L.
Subjects / Keywords
Spectral Analysis; Combinatorics; Free probability; Random matrices; Random graphs

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