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A Comparative Study of Living Conditions in Slums of Three Metro Cities in India

Bag, Sugata; Seth, Suman; Gupta, Anish (2017), A Comparative Study of Living Conditions in Slums of Three Metro Cities in India. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/handle/123456789/18034

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NOPOOR WP#6_N°84_A Comparative Study of Living Conditions in Slums of Three Metro Cities in India.pdf (2.131Mb)
Type
Document de travail / Working paper
Date
2017
Series title
NOPOOR Working Paper
Series number
84
Pages
60
Metadata
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Author(s)
Bag, Sugata

Seth, Suman
Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative [OPHI]
Leeds University Business School
Gupta, Anish
Abstract (EN)
Urban population in India has been rising rapidly as millions of migrants are moving to urban areas aspiring for higher earning and better living. The number of urban poor is also growing and a significant number of these poor find spaces in slums and continue to struggle for better living standards. Improving their conditions call for significant efforts from the governments for better policy designs. However, better policy design requires understanding the commonalities and differences across slums within and between cities. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of representative slums across three largest metro cities in India through primary surveys. We find certain characteristics, such as large average household size, poor housing quality, low female labour market participation and high school enrolment rates among children, to be common across and within three cities. Our study however reveals crucial differences between the cities in the demographic pattern of migration and its temporal element. And that in turn brings out considerable heterogeneity among different groups within slums of each cities with respect to living standards, access to civic amenities like sanitation facilities and drinking water. Moreover, there exists major cross-city differences in adult literacy rates across gender, consumption pattern, and subjective well-being. Overall, we find that slums in Mumbai on average perform much better in various living condition and social indicators than slums in Delhi and Kolkata.
Subjects / Keywords
Living conditions in slums; primary household survey in slums; Kolkata; Delhi; Mumbai; migration; multidimensional material deprivation
JEL
O1 - Economic Development
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
R2 - Household Analysis
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

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