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Female genital mutilation and migration in Mali: do return migrants transfer social norms?

Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine; Diabate, Idrissa (2019), Female genital mutilation and migration in Mali: do return migrants transfer social norms?, Journal of Population Economics, 32, 4, p. 1125–1170. 10.1007/s00148-019-00733-w

Type
Article accepté pour publication ou publié
Date
2019
Journal name
Journal of Population Economics
Volume
32
Number
4
Publisher
Springer
Pages
1125–1170
Publication identifier
10.1007/s00148-019-00733-w
Metadata
Show full item record
Author(s)
Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine
Diabate, Idrissa
Abstract (EN)
In this paper, we investigate the power of migration as a mechanism in the transmission of social norms, taking Mali and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) as a case study. Mali has a strong FGM culture and a long-standing history of migration. We use an original household-level database coupled with census data to analyze the extent to which girls living in localities with high rates of return migrants are less prone to FGM. Malians migrate predominantly to other African countries where female circumcision is uncommon (e.g., Côte d’Ivoire) and to countries where FGM is totally banned (France and other developed countries) and where anti-FGM information campaigns frequently target African migrants. Taking a two-step instrumental variable approach to control for the endogeneity of migration and return decisions, we show that return migrants have a negative and significant influence on FGM practices. More precisely, we show that this result is primarily driven by the flow of returnees from Cote d’Ivoire. We also show that adults living in localities with return migrants are more informed about FGM and in favor of legislation. The impact of returnees may occur through several channels, including compositional effects, changes in return migrants’ attitudes toward FGM, and return migrants convincing stayers to change their FGM practices.
Subjects / Keywords
Female genital excision; Social transfers; Migration; Mali; I15; O55; F22
JEL
F22 - International Migration
O55 - Africa
I15 - Health and Economic Development

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    Female Genital Mutilation And Migration In Mali. Do Migrants Transfer Social Norms? 
    Diabate, Idrissa; Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine (2014) Document de travail / Working paper
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    Female genital mutilation and migration in Mali. Do return migrants transfer social norms? 
    Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine (2017) Chapitre d'ouvrage
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    Migration and female genital mutilation. Can migrants help change the social norm? 
    Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine (2016) Article accepté pour publication ou publié
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    Chauvet, Lisa; Gubert, Flore; Mercier, Marion; Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine (2015) Article accepté pour publication ou publié
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    Chauvet, Lisa; Gubert, Flore; Mercier, Marion; Mesplé-Somps, Sandrine (2013) Communication / Conférence
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