Résumé (EN)

Science fiction has historically been built on the basis of a fascination with science, technological progress and innovation. Dystopia is a subcategory of the science fiction genre. It has gradually developed according to a rejection of social organizations that were contemporary to them, ranging from the hardest capitalism to radical bureaucratic and socialist planning. This chapter situates and defines science fiction. Science fiction belongs to popular culture. Multiple types of protagonists have deliberately or not participated in the work of structuring and legitimizing the genre. The chapter presents a focused review of academic literature on science fiction. Academic literature on science fiction and innovative technology illustrates a paradox. Despite the fact that technology is often seen by science fiction as the source of apocalypse, several studies show how science fiction can be used in a constructive design process. Works of science fiction have offered extremely varied representations of innovation and organizations.